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英语倒装句的用法         ★★★ 【字体:
英语倒装句的用法
作者:佚名    论文来源:网络    点击数:    更新时间:2007-9-3

倒装句分为全部倒装(将整个谓语置于主语之前)和部分倒装(把谓语的一部分,如be,have,助动词、情态动词等置于主语之前)。现将倒装句的重点、难点作一归纳,以利同学们真正掌握这一语法项目,了解其相关的高考动态。
    一、使用全部倒装的情况
    1.在there be/lie/stand/live/seem/appear/exist/come/go/seem句型中。

    There will be a sports meet in our school next week.下周我们学校要举行运动会。
    There goes the ambulance.救护车来了。
    2.表示地点、方向、时间的副词(here, out, in,up, down, back off, away, now, then等)位于句首时。谓语动词多为表示运动的不及物动词(go, come, leave, move, run, rush, ny, jump等)。如:
    Here is a telegram for you.这儿有你一封电报。
    Down jumpedthe man from the horse.那人从马上跳下来。
    在上述情况中,主语是代词时,则不用倒装。如:
    There he comes!他来了!
    Here you are.给你。
    In he came and the meeting began.他进来,会议就开始了。
    3.表示地点的介词短语位于句首时。如:
    Between the two buildings stands a tall pine.两座楼之间有棵大松树。
    Along the dusty road came a great many tourists.沿着尘土飞扬的道路来了许多游客。
    4.为了保持句子平衡、衔接得当或强调表语或状语,而把分词短语或形容词置于句首时。如:
    Sitting at the back ofthe room was a shy girl with two big eyes.一个长着两只大眼睛的腼腆女孩坐在屋子的后面。
    Written on the blackboard are the names of those who were late yesterday.黑板上写着昨天迟到者的名单。
    The Most popular are young singers.最受欢迎的是青年歌手。
    5.直接引语的部分或全部位于句首时,点明说话人的部分主谓语要倒装。如:
    "Are you listening to English on the radio?" said Mother.
    但,引述动词后有间接宾语或状语时,不倒装。如:
    "Light travels faster than sound," David said toher.“光比声传播得快,”大卫对她说。
    "How dare you say so?" Mr Smith said angrily.“你怎么敢这么说?”史密斯气愤地说。
    6.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
    Long live our great country!伟大的祖国万岁!
    二、使用部分倒装的情况
    1.only修饰的状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时。如:
    Only after three operations was he able to walk without sticks.做过三次手术之后,他才能不用拐杖行走。
    Only with more practice can you pass the driving test.只有多练习你才能通过驾驶考试。
    但only修饰主语时,则不倒装。如:
    Only that girl knew how to work out the problem.只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。
    2.含有否定意义的副词(never, seldom, little, few, not, nowhere等)位于句首时。如:
    Seldom in all my life have l met such a brave man.我一生很少见过这么勇敢的人。
    Never did she care about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.虽然她处于极大的危险之中,但她根本不顾自己的安全。
    3.not until位于句首时。如:
    Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.直到19世纪初,人们才知道热是何物。
    在复合句中,只有主句用倒装,until引导的从句不倒装。如:
    Not until he loses his health will he give up drinking.他直到失去健康才会戒酒。
    4.在no sooner...than..., hardly/scarccly/barely...when...结构中,前面部分位于句首时,其后的分句要部分倒装(谓语用过去完成时)。如:
    Hardly had the baby seenthe dogwhen she cried.那女婴一看到狗就哭了起来。
    NO sooner had the interpreter returned home than he was told to go to another country.那位翻译刚踏进国门就又受命要去他国。
    5.not only...(but also)...位于句首引导两个分句时,前一个分句中的主谓要采用部分倒装,第二个分句则不倒装。如:
    Not only does he teach in school, but hewrites novels.他不但在学校教书,而且还写小说。
    Not only did she speak correctly, but also she spoke fluently.她不但说得正确,而且说得流利。
    6.so/neither/nor开头的句子,说明前面的内容也适用于后者时,用倒装句“so/neither/nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”。如:
    She hasbeen to Dalian and so have I.她去过大连,我也去过。
    John can't speak Japanese, nor can Helen.约翰不会讲日语,海伦也不会。
    但同意对方的看法,表示“是的、确实”之意时,用“so+主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”句式,即主谓不倒装。目前考查这种句式的省份较多。如:
    —Maggie had a wonderful time at the pany.
    —_______________, and so did I.
    A. So she had  B. So had she
    C. So she did  D. So did she
    (05安徽)
    7.as/thoush引导让步状语从句时,可将谓语部分的形容词/名词/动词等提到句首,采用部分倒装。如果位于句首的是单数可数名词,其前不加冠词。如:
    Brave as they were, the danger made them afraid.尽管他们很勇敢,但这样的危险仍使他们感到畏惧。
    8.在so/such...that...结构中,so/such及其修饰部分位于句首时,主句要用部分倒装。如:
    So beautiful was the girl that she won the championship in the beauty contest.那女孩那么漂亮,她在选美比赛中获得冠军。
    Such an instructive speech did he make that all the listeners were moved.他发表的演说那么有教育意义,以至于所有的听众都很感动。
    9.在含有were/had/should虚拟条件句中,省去if,把这三个词放在句首时。如:
    Were she here now(=If she were here now), she would take good care of her parents.如果她现在在这儿,她就能照顾她的父母了。
    Had you attended the graduate ceremony(=If you had attended the graduate ceremony), I should haveseen you.要是你参加了毕业典礼,我就会见到你了。
    10.在某些表示祝愿的句子中。如:
    May you be happy!祝你幸福!

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